Another Bible Commentary: 1 John

I recommend reading 2 John and 3 John before reading 1 John; they’re brief and provide context. John had to deal with docetist/proto-Gnostic ideas in the congregations he served. These ideas were perhaps related to Cerinthus and his followers, who taught an adoptionist heresy (e.g. Jesus was merely human, Christ is a separate divine entity that joined Jesus at baptism and left before His physical death. etc.). Cerinthus had been educated in Egyptian Gnosis and claimed angelic inspiration (2 Corinthians 11:14). Cerinthus taught that the physical world had been created by a seemingly Platonist sub-deity (the Demiurge) and that the God above, the Creator, was only into spiritual stuff. The adoptionist Ebionites and the full-on docetist Gnostics could both look back to Cerinthus. Cerinthus also taught that the entirety of the written and oral Torah (Pharisee fences) were required for salvation in defiance of the Council at Jerusalem’s ruling about Gentile believers in Acts 15.

Remember, letters were written to an assembly of people at a location (like “to the church in Las Vegas”); not everyone had their theological ducks in the same order. I intend to demonstrate that 1 John 1 was not written to the believers in the church, but as an evangelistic appeal to people who had been fooled into accepting proto-Gnosticism. Believers are addressed later in the letter.

1:1 Remember the prologue to the Gospel of John (John 1). Jesus is the Word, and John heard, saw, and touched the physical Jesus Christ. If you don’t think Jesus was physical, then you don’t think He really died, which means you don’t think He rose from the dead, which means material essential for salvation is missing (Romans 10:9).

1:2 John testifies to the Life (John 14:6); he proclaims to “you” docetists what “has appeared to us” Christians.

1:3 Again, John proclaims “to you” docetists the truth of Jesus Christ so that “you” docetists “may have fellowship with us” Christians. Christians have fellowship with the Father and the Son (John 17:20-25).

1:5-6 John denies that God is to be found in “darkness”, which is to say the secret esoteric knowledge valued by the proto-Gnostics.

1:7 John’s about to explain how to “walk in the light”, which is to admit your need for a Savior (Psalm 32:5). Jesus cleanses us from “all sin”, not just the ones we remember to beg forgiveness for. Keep going, please.

1:8,10 If the shoe fits, wear it. Suppose I introduced you to an acquaintance of mine, Mr. Liar McPantsonfire. He claims to have never sinned a day in his life, he deceives himself, the truth (and Jesus, the Truth – John 14:6) is not in him (as He is in us – 2 John 2), he makes God out to be a liar, and God’s Word (Jesus – John 1:1) is not in him. Do you have any reason to suspect that my acquaintance, Mr. Liar McPantsonfire, is a Christian? No. What is the cure for him? Admitting his need for a Savior. The Gnostics thought salvation came from having secret knowledge; the only sin they acknowledged was ignorance of their teachings. Since they thought the body was worthless, they weren’t worried about using it for things like ritual anal penetration for Cybele if that happened to be convenient.

1:9 To understand 1 John 1:9, look at it in the context of 1 John 1:8,10. See Proverbs 28:13; we already had keeping short accounts with a legal pad to try to remember all your sins under the Old Covenant. Obedience is an all-or-nothing proposition (James 2:10), and we all stumble in many ways (James 3:2); an accurate confession would therefore be, “I do all of the bad things all the time.” If it were up to us to remember to confess them all, then we would be toast. Thankfully, let’s look at the context: There were proto-Gnostics denying that sin was ever a problem for them. However, if these unbelievers had admitted their need for a Savior and believed in our risen Lord (as we Christians have already done), He would have cleansed them from “all unrighteousness”. This is why the same writer in 1 John 2:12 can say that Christians’ sins are already forgiven for Jesus’ sake, because He already took care of our problem (John 1:29, Hebrews 10:14). He’s not dying over and over; once was enough to forgive us. His blood is worth so much, God’s righteousness and God’s justice see it and demand our acquittal and blessing. See Hebrews again if once-for-all forgiveness hasn’t stuck yet.

An acquaintance of mine went to Mass weekly as a child. I’m told that they prayed the same memorized prayers every week (What did Jesus say about vain repetitions?). They knelt and stood and knelt and stood… The “priest” read to them from one of the Gospels, but there were no Bibles in the pews, and no one brought Bibles with them. The child daydreamed throughout the service and just wanted to get out of there. She was anxious and scared for weeks in anticipation of her first confession. She felt physically ill from dreading this thing she was obligated to do against her will. She got in the booth and just made up stuff to get out of there. At the end, she was told to go say the Hail Mary prayer several times (What did Jesus say about vain repetitions? Who is the one Mediator we really have?) in order to become forgiven. She stopped going as soon as she could. It’s sad how misunderstandings and man-made religious rituals made that girl think God was scary, distant, unapproachable, mean, etc. Not to only pick on Catholicism: the Protestant version of praying for forgiveness on a sin-by-sin basis is just another version of sacrificing animals in the backyard, too. There is only one confession to make, and it is that we need Him; we must stop trusting our own failed efforts and instead believe in His finished work. Jesus has cleansed us (past tense, already done) from ALL unrighteousness (and that’s all: past, present, and future). He remembers our sins no more.

1:10 was addressed with verse 8.

2:1 “My dear children” Here, the old Church father addresses us Christians. Jesus as our Advocate reminds me of the Angel of the LORD in Zechariah 3.

2:2 “the atoning sacrifice” Here’s one for the word bank: propitiation, or “entirely satisfying”. Jesus is the atoning sacrifice. He did His job most excellently, and we have nothing to add to it. God is satisfied with Jesus’ work regarding Christians’ sins, so who are we to argue with Him? John wrote to a predominantly Jewish audience, so “the whole world” means Jews and Gentiles, not necessarily universal salvation. Still, since God wants to save everyone and He grants requests in His will, let’s all pray for everyone to be saved anyway.

2:3 We have come to know Him if we keep His commands (which are to Believe and to Love – 1 John 3:23), because that’s the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23, Philippians 2:13). He’s in you doing that (John 17:20-21). He commands love, but He put His love into our hearts (Romans 5:5) despite our imperfect performance. People see the word “commands” and panic or dust off Moses, but you’re done being judged (John 5:24), He’s not driving you away (John 6:37), He can save us completely (Hebrews 7:25), and He already made us perfect forever (Hebrews 10:14).

2:4 The docetists that effectively denied the existence of the Son of God failed to “Believe”, and Diotrephes (3 John), who denied basic hospitality to John’s Ephesian traveling teachers and excommunicated anyone who tried to help them, failed to “Love”.

2:5 Jesus is the Word (John 1), and to obey Him is to Believe and Love (John 6:28-29, John 13:34-35). We are in Him, and He is in us (John 17:20-25).

2:6 Keep going, it’s about love. It’s the difference between Matthew 15:32 and 3 John 10.

2:7-8 We’re not under the Law of Moses, so Jesus didn’t pull Believe and Love out of the 613 regulations. The new command of John 13:34-35 is reminiscent of Leviticus 19:18, though.

2:9 See 3 John 5-10 for context.

2:10 Love is fruit of the Spirit, saved people have the Spirit, and He keeps saved people safe (Jude 24).

2:11 seems to be pointed at Diotrephes (3 John 9-11).

2:12 Christians are dear children of God and are also considered children of our spiritual instructors (1 Timothy 1:2, 1 Corinthians 4:15).

2:13 Christians are also mature (“fathers”) because we have His pre-existing eternal life in us. But, Christians are young, vigorous overcomers because we’re entropy-defying eternal beings with the victorious risen Lord living within us (1 John 4:4). Christians are young, mature, children, etc., all at once in Christ.

2:14 We know Jesus, so we know the Father (John 14:9). John humorously repeats the bit about knowing Him who is from the beginning in case the older folks couldn’t hear him the first time. John clarifies that our victory and strength are from Christ living in us (1 John 4:4).

2:15 Here, “the world” is pagan, Christian-killing Rome. It’s always been more or less Satan’s corrupt worldwide kingdom (1 John 5:19, 2 Corinthians 4:4) from the Tower of Babel down to “Babylon” in Revelation, and at the time of John’s letter it was the Roman Empire. The Father’s love (Romans 5:5) was not found within the idolatrous unbelievers (1 John 5:21). Know and receive His love by looking at what Jesus did for you (1 John 4:10). Looking at John’s letters, it seems that “Diotrephes” might love the pagan world and resist John’s opposition. After all, a docetist that thinks the body is irrelevant would have little reason not to compromise with pagan Rome to get better jobs in the idol-worshiping trade guilds, etc. “Diotrephes” may have wanted to scare off anyone who would decrease the tithe money again with anti-idolatry rhetoric.

2:16 “everything” in the world system that John objects to amounts to inordinate desire and self-aggrandizement. God has the market cornered on fulfillment; Satan’s “world” only offers lack, more lack, and ephemeral feelings.

2:17 The world and its lacks will pass away, but believers in Christ live forever (John 6:28-29).

There are those with different interpretations that may object to me contextualizing love in a squabble over whether Christian or proto-Gnostic missionaries got fed and that may object to me pointing to belief instead of religious works and sin management in this letter. We are blessed that John is about to vindicate my interpretation in the next section.

2:18 You may have heard of “The Antichrist” from believers with an end-times focus, but the “antichrists” are those who deny the full divinity and humanity of Jesus Christ (i.e. they failed “Believe”), whether at the time of John’s writing, or since then, or today, or in the future. See 1 John 4:2-3.

2:19 This refers to how Gnosticism began as a secret group within churches and then left Christianity as its own religion.

2:20-21 We are anointed (see Psalm 105:15 for a benefit), and we know the Truth (John 14:6).

2:22 John’s use of “liar” is with regard to wrong doctrine about who Jesus is.

2:23 You must have the Son to have the Father (John 14:6).

2:24 In essence, “Don’t quit Jesus to go join the Gnostics.”

2:26 Again, John addresses wrong beliefs about Jesus Christ.

2:27-28 We received the Holy Spirit when we believed (Galatians 3:2,5), and He teaches us what we need to know (John 16:13). It’s not like it takes a lot of effort to continue to abide/live in the town where you already abide/live; John wants you to “remain in Him'' by not moving over to Gnosticville. Regarding the apostates being ashamed, John 21 got awkward for Peter, but our Savior is awesome (2 Timothy 2:13).

2:29 Keep going, it’s about love. It’s the difference between Matthew 15:32 and 3 John 10.

3:1 See John 1:12.

3:2 John, who said that “we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is”, saw both the resurrected Christ and the Transfiguration, to give you an idea of what we will be like.

3:3 You are new. As God’s child, you resemble our Father and our Brother, so act like it. It’s just natural.

3:4 Some translations miss the flavor of the verb tense. It’s about someone who “practices sin” like practicing to get better at it, like an NBA player putting time and effort into sinking free throws consistently. The sins John speaks of consistently are unbelief (1 John 4:2-3) and being unloving (1 John 3:11,23). If you, as a new-hearted believer, do something unloving, I bet it doesn’t sit right. You probably end up re-running that conversation in your head, even if you felt justified in the moment. You probably feel poorly about treating someone badly even if they clearly “deserved” it in human eyes. You probably don’t feel amazing about it or schedule a summer down at Jerk Camp to practice being even better at it. See Galatians 5:17. Also, the “lawlessness” in this verse is self-deification like in 2 Thessalonians 2, not being subject to anyone’s rule including God’s. This is not about the Law of Moses (Romans 10:4).

3:5 The “might” here signifies purpose. I sat down at a keyboard today so that I might write. Did I? Yes. He succeeded in taking our sins away (Hebrews 10:14).

3:6 Again, the verb tenses here are “keeps on keeping on sinning”. It’s a promise that the Author and Perfecter of our faith is going to get us there (Hebrews 12:2). John’s not trying to get you to panic about your imperfect performance (because that’s all of us – James 3:2, 1 John 1:8, 1 John 2:1) or trying to start a loss-of-salvation-through-willful-and-repeated-sins doctrine. He’s pointing out that it’s doubtful that Diotrephes knows the Lord if he acts like that. See 1 John 3:11,14.

3:7 Again, John is talking about love (1 John 3:11,14).

3:8 See John 8:44.

3:9 This is a promise about where He is taking us (Philippians 2:13). He’s talking about being loving (1 John 3:11), and love is part of the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23). We all mess up a lot (James 3:2, 1 John 1:8, 1 John 2:1), but our new trend is toward holiness in our attitudes and actions to match our new nature. The Heaven-ready inner self is not the source of sin, but the body still falls for Sin’s influence until our future glorification (Romans 7:25). His grace is sufficient for me and for you (Romans 5:20). Lutherans call this situation “simil justus et peccator”, or being a saint and a sinner at the same time, but there’s more to it than that. You are a saint who sins sometimes, but your nature is only “saint”. You don’t have two selves; your old self is dead (Colossians 2:11-12). The entire Trinity is in agreement about our status as a child of God: see 2 Corinthians 6:18, Hebrews 2:11, and Romans 8:16.

3:10 See 1 John 3:14-15. John speaks in dichotomies and extremes: light and dark, saved and lost, believer and unbeliever, love and hate. Do you lack the world’s natural hate for Christians (John 15:18-25)? That’s God’s love in you (Romans 5:5).

3:11-12 See Genesis 4 and Matthew 5:10.

3:13 See John 16:2.

3:14 “We know” because love is part of the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23).

3:15 There’s an “out-of-bounds anger = murder” principle in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:22) about the Law of Moses, but this seems to be about Diotrephes trying to starve people to maintain control (3 John 10). Remember, John speaks in extremes. This isn’t about being annoyed by a fellow church member at times, this is full-on pikuach nefesh violation territory. “Are you helping any believers at all?” is a good inventory item for those still questioning; remember that Jesus didn’t wash every foot every day (John 13), so don’t panic.

3:16 John means using some of our limited time, energy, and resources to help people, as he clarifies in the next verse.

3:17 See 3 John 5-10. The “no pity” in this verse in the Greek is “closes his heart”; it’s past “I wish I could help you, but things are tight right now” and is all the way over into “You’re hungry? Good. I’m glad about that.”

3:18-21 The conscience can be programmed by anything; there are believers whose hearts would condemn them if they stepped on a dance floor or drank one beer despite God’s actual standards for partying that we’ve discussed at length more than once. Loving deeds (verse 17) are generally of greater value than the sin-management program portion of our walk with God. God knows everything, but God chooses to know nothing of our sins (Hebrews 8:12).

3:22 Anything in His will, that is (1 John 5:14). Regarding His “commands”, John clarifies what he means in the next verse.

3:23 John, the disciple Jesus loved, says the New Covenant commands are Believe and Love. See John 14:21 (from the same author). The Council at Jerusalem reminded us of some behaviors that have been off-limits to all humanity since Genesis (that look like Noahide Laws or pikuach nefesh exceptions not intuitively obvious from Believe and Love), too. The Holy Spirit is guiding us toward love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, benevolence, loyalty, gentleness, and self-control. Romans 13:8 even says we’ll never love enough; we’re blessed that God loves for us (Romans 5:5).

3:24 Again, love is evidence of the Spirit, the Spirit is evidence of salvation, and saved people are safe.

4:1 like Cerinthus’ alleged angelic visions.

4:2-3 See 2 John 7 and 2 Thessalonians 2:7.

4:4 Amen.

4:5-6 Diotrephes’ audience vs. John’s audience.

4:7-8 The Hebrew idea of love, hesed, is faithful/loyal actions. To say that God is love is to point out that He is, by nature, consistently generous even to the point of self-sacrifice. He puts up with a lot from humanity and gives good things to the undeserving (Matthew 5:45). 1 John 4:15 plus 1 John 4:7-8 equals 1 John 5:1.

4:9-10 See John 3:16-17.

4:12 taken with 1 John 4:15 is another instance of Believe and Love. The Son was the only one who had truly comprehended God as Father. The pre-Incarnate Christ is plausibly featured in God’s appearances in Eden, Exodus 24:9-10, Exodus 33:20, etc. God’s love is made complete in us because even though our own love always falls short, God put His love into us at salvation (Romans 5:5).

4:13 Love is fruit of the Spirit, saved people have the Spirit, and He keeps saved people safe (Jude 24). Much is said about our need to abide in Christ; it’s the result of a prayer Jesus prayed in John 17. To abide in is to live in (John 14:10). I abide on Planet Earth. I don’t have to expend additional effort to remain where I am. Believers have been moved from “in Adam” to “in Christ” at salvation. You’re not having to keep in step with Him; you are united with Him, and He is bringing you with Him. Is the Gospel message in you (1 John 2:24)? Is the Holy Spirit teaching you (1 John 2:27)? Have you lost your hate for Christians in general (1 John 3:14)? The Spirit (received by hearing with faith in Galatians 3:2,5) is proof enough (1 John 3:24, 1 John 4:13). You can have confidence at Christ’s return (1 John 2:28). You’re sealed with the Spirit (Ephesians 4:30). You are complete, lacking nothing (Colossians 2:10, 2 Peter 1:3). You have every spiritual blessing (Ephesians 1:3).

I can sense some of you are still not feeling full of the Holy Spirit. Here’s a reminder of some examples of being “filled with the Holy Spirit” (Ephesians 3:19) or inspired by God’s love, most of which look different from each other (and some of them seem pretty mundane):

Having a spiritual song in your heart, a thankful attitude, and living harmoniously (Ephesians 5:18-21)

Sharing the Gospel in human languages (Acts 2:4)

Addressing authority figures (Acts 4:8)

Boldly speaking for God (Acts 4:31)

Serving food at tables (Acts 6:3)

Preaching to rock throwers (Acts 7:55)

Encouraging people and sharing the Gospel (Acts 11:24)

Challenging a deceiver (Acts 13:9)

Having joy despite persecution (Acts 13:52)

4:15 taken with 1 John 4:12 is another instance of Believe and Love.

4:16 Hosea 14:4 said that when the unpleasantness was out of the way, God would love boundlessly. God only gives (Acts 17:25).

4:17 We will be as safe as Jesus on Judgment Day. See Psalm 91.

4:18 What would make us afraid of our Father? He’s not fond of sin, but Jesus took all that away (John 1:29, 1 John 2:1). What would a sinner fear from God? Punishment, but Jesus took our punishment. We deserved death (Romans 6:23), and He died for us. We can walk right on up to God because He is happy to see us (Ephesians 3:12, Hebrews 4:16).

4:19 We love because He loves. We receive and transmit His love (2 Corinthians 1:4). He is our example (Philippians 2:1-8) and our source (Romans 5:5).

4:20 We’re made in His Image, there’s something reminiscent of Him in everyone, there’s likely no one you cannot love (at least a little) if you knew the whole story, and He loves people, so we should love people because we love Him. If you love someone, you don’t want to distress them by hurting something they love. General concerns like contempt for Gentile believers among John’s predominantly Jewish Christians audience (Ephesians 2:11-20) apply, but again it seems John’s focus is Diotrephes’ attempt to starve out John’s influence in “his” church.

4:21 See John 13:34-35.

5:1 Again, Believe and Love. We show our love of Him by loving our siblings in Christ, whom He loves. See 1 John 5:4-5.

5:2 See Matthew 22:37-40 for the Old Covenant shadow of John 6:28-29 and John 13:34-35. We show our love for Him by loving others, which is what He commanded. Here, though, John flips that around, saying that we know we love God’s children if we love God and Believe and Love as He commands. See Jesus’ promise in John 14:15 that if we love Him, we will keep His commands (See Romans 14:4, Philippians 1:6, Philippians 2:13, Hebrews 13:20-21, and Jude 24). See 1 Corinthians 13 for what love is like. Tradition says that late in life, John’s sermons were simply: “Little children, love one another.”

5:3 See 1 John 3:23.

5:4-5 To overcome the world, trust Christ (1 John 5:1). Faith saves.

5:6-8 As we discussed in John 3:5-6 (from the same author), water refers to human birth. If I said that “her water just broke”, most of you would know that refers to physical birth. Mary lived with John in her later years (John 19:26-27). This isn’t about water baptism. John says in essence, “Hey, Gnostics! Jesus is not only a spirit, but born of Mary (water) and physically died (blood).” Real physical blood satisfied the requirement of the Law (Leviticus 17:11, Hebrews 9:22). A fully human and fully divine Jesus Christ shows us that His divinity and our humanity are compatible. Our changed lives are evidence of the arrival of the promised Holy Spirit. Three witnesses (Spirit, water, blood) are better than two (Deuteronomy 19:15).

5:11 He has given us eternal life already.

5:12 He is the only way to Heaven (John 14:6).

5:13 John didn’t write these things to believers so that we could wonder if we have eternal life, or hope we get eternal life, or fret about losing eternal life (which wouldn’t be eternal if it could be lost). John wrote these things to believers so that we can know we already have Christ’s eternal life (Colossians 3:4).

5:14 Asking according to His will, in alignment with the same works He does, or in His Name (as His ambassador on account of His righteousness) are all basically equivalent. As we discussed in Matthew, Mark, and Luke, “anything” in the Jewish mindset was mostly forgiveness.

5:15 God’s will for us is that we bear much fruit (which He is in control of, not us), that people be saved, that we pray and thank Him in all circumstances, and that we live like the saints we are. Prayers for your own salvation/forgiveness/eternal life are surely answered. However, prayers about Paul’s travel plans, Paul’s eye problems, Timothy’s stomach ailments, and persecution from Rome and the Temple/synagogue system…let’s just say that His timing doesn’t always line up with ours, and God’s going to set everything right at the end. Keep praying, but don’t get discouraged and don’t let your faith depend on outcomes.

5:16 There have been several potential explanations over the years, and I’ll record a few here before revealing what I think it is. What’s John saying, that where there’s life there’s hope and that there is no use praying for the dead? Is this another way to call Diotrephes an unloving murderer (1 John 3:14-15), or condemning murderers in general (John 8:37-47)? Some say it’s blasphemy of the Holy Spirit like in Matthew 12:31-32 (Which is the kind of good-is-evil thinking that prevents coming to Christ; we believe already and therefore are incapable of doing that.) Some say it's lying to the Holy Spirit as in Acts 5 or hogging all the Communion as in 1 Corinthians 11. In the context of all three of the letters from John we have, false teachers kept people from believing in Jesus Christ, which leads to death (Mark 9:42, 2 Peter 2:1, 1 Corinthians 3:16-17), since to have the Son is to have life (1 John 2:22-25. 1 John 4:3, 1 John 5:12) and to lack the Son is to lack life. Under the Old Covenant, people could pray for forgiveness for those who had wronged them (Genesis 20:7,17; Job 42:8), but you can’t count on being able to pray people into the Kingdom because they need a relationship with Jesus. (He’s merciful and it’s His will to save people, so keep praying for them anyway.) Similarly, under the Old Covenant, sacrifices were available for unintentional sins, but defiant sins would have required a direct pardon from on high (Numbers 15:27-31, 1 Samuel 2:25, Jeremiah 7:16, Jeremiah 11:14). So, why does He give life to those who are not committing sins leading to death? You would think the people that were playing with death would need life more. However, remember John 10:10 from the same author. If you have Jesus’ eternal life, that cannot be lost, but He gives life and abundant life. In Greek, forgiveness and release are communicated with the same word. This amounts to praying for fellow believers’ struggles so they can really live again. Someone can be saved, they can Believe, and they can Love while being miserable because of, let’s say, drug addiction; prayer has been known to work wonders in setting people like that free.

5:17 Sin deserves death (Romans 6:23), but it doesn’t always lead directly to it.

5:18 The promise that the evil one cannot touch us is even better than Job’s hedge of protection. Believers have been tricked into thinking they’re possessed by demons, for example, but He prevents that. This is another verse about continuing in, practicing to become better at, and deepening depravity further down into the sin spiral. Your Heaven-ready new inner self is not the source of sin (Romans 7:25), and lots of alarm bells probably go off in your head when you slip up, which is proof that you’re His.

5:19 Jesus rightfully rules (Matthew 28:18), and we reign with Him (Ephesians 2:6), but the devil still illegally squats on the throne of this world. When John was writing this, Roman pagan Christian-killers ruled the known world. There are people who say that this world is the Devil’s Simulation, and while that is a quasi-Gnostic misconception of how things work, it is useful for predicting what new lows we might see next.

5:21 This would involve insisting on Jesus instead of the false version offered by the various flavors of proto-Gnostics as well as avoiding the comfort with paganism marketed by “Jezebel” and the Nicoloatians in Revelation; Diotrephes may have been involved. Again, Gnostic disregard for the body and denial of the problem of sin was a gateway to sexual sin and idolatry.

1 John is mostly a book about love. While I have tried to alleviate anxieties over imperfect religious works, let me also emphasize that there are believers in horrible circumstances deserving of our assistance. Please send material support to those who have been driven from their homes, had breadwinners imprisoned, etc. I won’t name organizations since these things can change over time, so just find someone that’s using your charitable contributions to help people instead of buying shiny furniture for themselves, please and thanks.

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